Heart failure

Heart failure is a pathophysiological state in the form of abnormal heart function so that the heart is unable to pump blood to meet the needs of tissue metabolism, and / or ability only if accompanied by an abnormal elevation of diastolic volumes.

Etiology
1. Myocardial dysfunction (myocardial failure)
Myocardial inability to contract with the perfect result in the contents of one bud (stroke volume) and cardiac output (cardiac output) decreases.
2. Excessive load-loading systolic pressure (systolic overload)
Excessive systolic load beyond the ability of the ventricle (systolic overload) causes inhibition of ventricular emptying resulting in lower bulk ventricle or the contents of one bud.
3. Excessive volume-loading the burden of diastolic (diastolic overload)
Preload is excessive and exceeds the capacity of the ventricle (diastolic overload) will cause the volume and end diastolic pressure in the ventricles rises. Frank Starling principle; cardiac output will initially be increased according to the size of the heart muscle strain, but when the load goes up beyond a certain limit, then the cardiac output will actually decrease again.
4. Increased metabolic needs of the excessive increase in demand (demand overload)
Expenses increased metabolic needs exceed the ability of the heart in which the heart has to work a maximum, there will be a state of heart failure despite adequate cardiac output is high but not able to meet the needs of the body's circulation.
5. Impaired filling (input resistance).
Inhibition of ventricular filling due to impaired flow into the ventricles or in the venous / venous return would cause the expenditure or reduced ventricular output and decreased cardiac output.