Biomarkers

Biomarkers have been used since long in clinical medicine, especially in supporting the diagnosis or monitor the disease by measuring it longitudinally. In general, this biomarker is defined as a quantity characteristic that is objectively measured and then evaluated and used as an indicator of biological processes, pathogenic or parmakologi response to intervention on a disease (Andrew et al., 2006). CSS biomarkers can be used as a material consideration in the diagnosis because of the biomarker data can be known changes that occur in the cerebral milieu associated with disease conditions (Teunissen, et al., 2005). Some examples of biomarkers that have been widely used in the field of neurodegenerative disorders and dementias are the neurofilament light chain polypeptide for multiple sclerosis (MS) (Avasarala, 2004), and tau protein to Alzheimer's dementia (AD) (Blennow et al., 1995).
Thus, biomarkers of CSS is very important because it can be used as a marker of changes in the environment of the brain associated with the state of the brain itself. This has made CSS as research material that has been widely studied by researchers around the world, especially regarding its composition thus serve as biomarkers that can be used to support the diagnosis of diseases associated with hydrocephalus or brain injury (brain injury). However, the CSS biomarker ideally should be measured before and after surgery, in order to obtain clinically useful index for the diagnosis and progression of disease.
Spinal fluid cerebrovascular (CSS)
Definition, physiology and pathology
Cerebrovascular spinal fluid or cerebrospinal fluid or liquor cerebrospinalis is a clear liquid produced in the ventricles of the brain. This fluid fills the subarachnoid space in the brain (the space between the skull and cerebral cortex) or, more specifically is fill the space between the arachnoid and pia layers of the meninges. CSS is a liquid is alkaline and acts as a cushion or buffer cortex including the brain and spinal cord and to soak the central nervous system (central nervous system / CNS) in the liquid milieu of dynamic