Mikrosefalus

Mikrosefalus is a situation where the size of the head (top of head circumference) is smaller than average head size in infants by age and sex.
said to be smaller if the size of the head circumference of less than 42 cm or smaller than three standard deviations below the average figures.

Mikrosefalus often result from failure of brain growth at a normal pace. various conditions and diseases that affect brain growth can cause mikrosefalus.

Mikrosefalus often associated with mental retardation. Mikrosefalus can occur after an infection that causes damage to the brain in very young infants (eg meningitis and meningoencephalitis).

The main causes:
- Down syndrome
- Cri du chat syndrome
- Syndrome seckel
- Syndrome Rubinstein-taybi
- Trisomy 13
- Trisomy 18
- Smith-lemli syndrome-Opitz
- Cornelia de lange syndrome

Secondary Cause:
- Maternal phenylketonuria uncontrolled
- Methyl mercury poisoning
- Congenital rubella
- Congenital toxoplasmosis
- Congenital cytomegalovirus
- Drug abuse by pregnant women
- Malnutrition (malnutrition).

Treatment at mikrosefalus depends on the cause. Babies who survive often suffer mikrosefalus life but tend to have mental retardation, seizure disorders and muscle coordination.