Leprosy

Leprosy

The disease is also known as leprosy or Hansen's disease, an infectious disease outbreaks caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The name of Hansen's disease than people who come see Mycobacterium leprae, G. A. Hansen. People with Hansen's disease patient's commonly called leprosy or in the English lepers, although the use of the term increasingly abandoned lepers because patient's amount of reduce and as dodge the bad stigma associated with leprosy patient's.

Leprosy was once unable to in treated and great damage. Patient's leprosy will be eliminated and locked up in the placement of leprosy. At present, leprosy easily treated with various antibiotic therapy. The primary business is to eliminate leprosy until the population who still have not received various therapies services medicine, improve have the impression disease, and the patient's has going services have quality with high and low-cost medicine.

Besides humans, other known animal suffering from leprosy is the armadillo.


History
Leprosy has been identified as a problem since the beginning of history inscribed. Leprosy patient's often live alongside a community, and the disease is often believed to be caused by sumpuhan god (or Shaitan) or punishment.
The Gospels contain adequate many references to the "patient's leprosy," which should not associated with Hansen's disease. This word has been used for various skin problems has different etiology and severity (severity).
Under Jewish law ago, rabai able know definitely desired patient's leprosy. The Jews use quarantine to stop its spread.
Minoriti like agote Navarrese often accused of being a patient's leprosy.

Clinical features
The disease is the caused by a bacillus the which multiplies very Slowly and mainly affects the skin, nervous, and mucous membranes. The organism has never been Grown in bacteriologic media or cell culture, but has been Grown in mouse foot pads. It is related to M. tuberculosis, the bacillus That causes tuberculosis.
The mode of transmission of Hansen's disease Remains uncertain. Most investigators think That M. leprae is usually spread from person to person in respiratory droplets. What is known Is That the transmission rate is very low.
This chronic infectious disease usually affects the skin and peripheral nervous but has a wide range of possible clinical manifestations. Patients are classified as having paucibacillary or multibacillary Hansen's disease. Paucibacillary Hansen's disease is milder and characterized by one or more hypopigmented skin macules. Multibacillary Hansen's disease is associated with symmetric skin lesions, nodules, plaques, thickened dermis, and frequent involvement of the nasal mucosa resulting in nasal congestion and epistaxis (nose bleeds).

Incidence
In 1999, the world incidence of Hansen's disease was estimated to be 640,000, and in 2000, 738.284 Identified cases were the resource persons. In 1999, 108 cases occurred in the United States. In 2000, the World Health Organization (WHO) listed 91 countries in the which Hansen's disease is endemic, with India, Myanmar, and Nepal having 70% of cases. In 2002, 763.917 new cases detected worldwide were the resource persons, and in That year the WHO listed Brazil, Madagascar, Mozambique, Tanzania and Nepal as having 90% of Hansen's disease cases.
Worldwide, 1-2 million persons are permanently disabled Because of Hansen's disease. However, persons receiving antibiotic treatment or having completed treatment are Considered free of active infection.
Hansen's disease is one of the infectious diseases tracked passively by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Its prevalence in the United States has remained low and Relatively stable. There are decreasing numbers of cases worldwide, though pockets of high prevalence areas continue to perform certain in. Such as the western Pacific.

Risk groups
Those having close contacts with Patients with untreated, active, predominantly multibacillary disease, and persons living in countries with highly endemic disease are at risk for contracting the disease. Recent Research Suggests That 'there is genetic variation in susceptibility. The region of DNA is Responsible for this variability is Also involved in Parkinson's disease, giving rise to current Speculation That the two disorders May be Linked in Some way at the biochemical level.

Asylums
There are still A Few "flat colonies" around the world, in countries Such as India and the Philippines. In the United States, the tiny island of Molokai in the Hawaiian chain That contains the country's oldest asylum.
In 2001, the government-run flat colonies in Japan Came under Judicial Scrutiny, leading to the determination That Had the Japanese government mistreated the Patients .