Cholera Disease Symptoms and Signs

The disease cholera is an acute intestinal tract infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, the bacteria enter the body through contaminated food or beverages. The bacteria release enterotoxin (poison) in the intestinal tract so that there was diarrhea (diarrhea) accompanied by acute vomiting and severe, resulting in a person in just a few days lost a lot of body fluids and get in on the condition of dehydration.

If dehydration is not promptly addressed, it will continue towards hypovolemic and metabolic acidosis in a relatively short time and can cause death if treatment is inadequate. Giving ordinary drinking water will not be much help, Patient (patient) require intravenous fluids cholera sugar (Dextrose) and salt (normal saline) or intravenous fluid that forms in the mix of both (Dextrose Saline).

Spread of Cholera Disease Transmission

Cholera can be spread as an endemic disease, epidemic, or pandemic. Although many large-scale studies conducted, but the condition of this disease continue to pose a challenge for the modern medical world. Vibrio cholerae bacteria multiply and spread through feaces (feces) of man, when feces containing the bacteria contaminating the water of the river and so will anyone else who comes in contact with water are at risk of cholera disease, too.

For example, washing hands are not clean and then eating, washing vegetables or food with water containing cholera bacteria, eating fish that live in water contaminated with cholera bacteria, even the water (like a river) are used as drinking water by others who live nearby.


Cholera Disease Symptoms and Signs

In people who feaces found cholera bacteria for 1-2 weeks may not feel the complaint is, but the time of the attack then all of a sudden infection of diarrhea and vomiting occur with quite a serious condition as acute attacks that cause diarrheal type samarnya experienced.

However, in patients with cholera there are some things the signs and symptoms that revealed, among others are:
- Diarrhea is watery and abundant without preceded by a feeling of heartburn or tenesmus.
- Feaces or stool (feces) which was originally in color and smelled of turned into a cloudy white liquid (like water to wash rice) without a foul or fishy smell, but as sweet a stab.
- Feaces (liquid), which resembles a rice washing water is when deposited will issue a white clots.
- Diarrhea occurred many times and in considerable amounts.
- The occurrence of vomiting after preceded by diarrhea that occurs, the patient does not feel sick before.
- Muscle cramps can also be felt in the abdomen accompanied by severe pain.
- Number of fluid that comes out will result in dehydration with signs such as rapid heartbeat, dry mouth, physically weak, sunken eyes, hypotension, etc. which if not immediately get a replacement handler lost body fluids can lead to death.

Handling and Treatment of Cholera Disease

Patients who experienced disease cholera should immediately mandapatkan handling immediately, by giving replacement fluids lost as a first step. Giving fluids by infusion / Drip is the most appropriate for people with a lot of fluid loss through diarrhea or vomiting. Next is the treatment of infections, namely by giving antibiotics / antimicrobials such as Tetracycline, Doxycycline or class Vibramicyn. This antibiotic treatment within 48 hours to stop the diarrhea that occurs.

In certain circumstances, especially the affected region of cholera outbreaks of food / liquid was done by inserting the hose from the nose to the stomach (sonde). Some 50% of cases of severe cholera can not be solved tergolang (passed away), while the number of 1% of cholera patients who received inadequate treatment died. (Massachusetts Medical Society, 2007: Getting Serious about Cholera).

Disease Prevention cholera

How to prevent and terminate a transmission of cholera disease is the principle of environmental sanitation, especially clean water and sewage (feaces) in place that meets environmental standards. Another is to drink water that has been cooked first, wash your hands thoroughly before eating soap / antiseptic, washing vegetables, water view, especially vegetables that are eaten raw (vegetables), avoid eating fish and shellfish are cooked medium rare.

When the family member is affected by cholera, should be isolated and immediately get treatment. Objects contaminated by vomit or faeces must be patient in sterilization, searangga flies (vectors) Other transmitters soon be eradicated. Cholera vaccination can protect people in direct contact with patients.