Osteoporosis

Women with menopausal symptoms have a lot more choices for treatment than they've had in the past. Things have certainly improved since the fifties, when one doctor recommended women with hot flushes go out and buy themselves a new hat!

These days, the standard prescription is hormone replacement therapy, or HRT. As the name suggests, it 'puts back' some of the hormones the ovaries have stopped producing. The basic formula is a combination of oestrogens and progestin (a synthetic form of progesterone). It can be taken in the form of pills, patches, gels, or implants, and at different dosages depending on the individual woman's needs.

Taking HRT for reasons other than symptom relief means taking it long-term, possibly for the rest of your life. But this is where the picture of risks and benefits gets more murky. The reasons HRT may be recommended are to prevent osteoporosis and heart disease. The major down-side is a probable small increase in the risk of breast cancer.


Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a condition characterised by weak, fragile bones that puts many older women (and some men) at high risk of fracture. Bone is a living tissue which is constantly being broken down and renewed; osteoporosis occurs when renewal does not keep up with breakdown, so that the bone gradually becomes less dense.

Women are more vulnerable to osteoporosis after menopause, because oestrogen helps control the balance between bone breakdown and formation. As oestrogen levels fall, bone breakdown speeds up while formation slows slightly, leading to higher overall rates of bone loss. The results of the Melbourne Women's Midlife Health Study showed that women lost an average of 2 per cent of their bone mass annually during the menopausal transition, and 1 per cent each year after that.

"Given women are going to live thirty or forty years after menopause, thatís a lot of bone mass to lose," says Professor Lorraine Dennerstein, head of the study. Women at highest risk of osteoporosis, she says, include those with a family history of the disease, those who've had eating disorders, those who've taken steroids for asthma or other conditions, smokers, and heavy drinkers. Women reach peak bone mass during their twenties, so exercise and dietary calcium are important during childhood and adolescence, when bone mass is being built up.

If you are at risk of osteoporosis (as shown by a bone density test), there is good evidence that hormone replacement therapy will help maintain bone and therefore lower your risk of a fracture. However, the benefit only lasts for as long as you stay on the medication.

"Itís like being on the pill," says Associate Professor Sue Davis of the Jean Hailes Foundation. "As long as you take it you donít get pregnant; you stop, you get pregnant. Itís no different. When you stop, the bone breakdown starts again."But, she adds, that doesn't mean you have to stay on the same medication for the rest of your life. New anti-osteoporosis drugs are coming on to the market which will give women more options for preventing and treating the disease.

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osteoporosis

Patients in the study had a median age of 69, 32% were 75 or older, and 31% were women; 38% of the participants had atrial fibrillation, a type of irregular heartbeat.

The researchers say only 15% of the heart failure patients with spine fractures were being treated for osteoporosis, despite the well-known risk of osteoporosis-related fractures.

The researchers also say that heart failure patients with atrial fibrillation were twice as likely to have spine fractures as people with normal heart rhythms.

Osteoporosis is a serious public health problem. Some 44 million people in the United States are at risk for this potentially debilitating disease, which is responsible for 1.5 million fractures (broken bones) annually. These fractures, which are often the first sign of the disease, can affect any bone, but the most common locations are the hip, spine, and wrist. Breaks in the hip and spine are of special concern because they almost always require hospitalization and major surgery, and may lead to other serious consequences, including permanent disability and even death.
To understand osteoporosis, it is helpful to understand the basics of bone formation. Bone is living tissue that is constantly being renewed in a two-stage process (resorption and formation) that occurs throughout life. In the resorption stage, old bone is broken down and removed by cells called osteoclasts. In the formation stage, cells called osteoblasts build new bone to replace the old. During childhood and early adulthood, more bone is produced than removed, reaching its maximum mass and strength by the mid-30s. After that, bone is lost at a faster pace than it is formed, so the amount of bone in the skeleton begins to slowly decline. Most cases of osteoporosis occur as an acceleration of this normal aging process, which is referred to as primary osteoporosis. The condition also can be caused by other disease processes or prolonged use of certain medications that result in bone loss. If so, this is called secondary osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis occurs most often in older people and in women after menopause. It affects nearly half of men and women over the age of 75. Women are about five times more likely than men to develop the disease. They have smaller, thinner bones than men to begin with, and they lose bone mass more rapidly after menopause (usually around age 50), when they stop producing a bone-protecting hormone called estrogen. In the five to seven years following menopause, women can lose about 20% of their bone mass. By age 65 or 70, though, men and women lose bone mass at the same rate. As an increasing number of men reach an older age, there is more awareness that osteoporosis is an important health issue for them as well. In fact, a 2003 report noted that one in every eight men over age 50 will suffer a hip fracture as a result of osteoporosis.

Dietary factors: It is important to that there is enough calcium in the diet for proper bone health. Healthcare professionals recommend calcium intakes of at least 1,000mg daily for everyone over eight years of age. Higher calcium intakes of 1,200mg daily are recommended for adults over 50 years and 1,300mg daily for teens nine to 18 years. Adequate vitamin D intake is also important for calcium absorption and to maintain muscle strength. Healthcare professionals recommend 400 international units of vitamin D daily until age 60, then 600-800 international units per day after age 60. Doses can be adjusted by a doctor according to blood levels of vitamin D.

Milk and milk products are calcium-dense foods providing about 300 milligrams calcium per serving. These foods also contain other nutrients important to bone health such as vitamin D (if fortified), phosphorus, and magnesium. Approximately 73% of calcium in the food supply comes from dairy products, 9% from fruits and vegetables, 5% from grain products, and 12% from all other sources such as dietary supplements.

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Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is one of the many types of rheumatic diseases in Indonesia.
Osteoporosis is a bone disease.
One possible cause is drinking milk only when the toddler alone.

known as osteoporosis or bone loss or hollow. In osteoporosis the bone mass that forms is reduced, so that bone can be said hollow. The structure of bone filler which include compounds of collagen in addition to calcium, acts like a cement cast of his bones. When this mass is reduced, the bone becomes less dense so strong not even light hold collision that about it, the risk of fractures easily occur. In comparison, when I slipped in the bathroom and my hip hit the floor, maybe that happened later was the area around it was swollen and sore, but the bone does not matter because my bone mass is still okay. But if that experience is people with osteoporosis, it is no longer the case anyal local fracture, and it's called pathological fractures.

Outside of the brittle bones that easily fracture, bone loss is almost no symptoms at all, the silent disease. So if your back knee and is often stiff and sore, which is more rational to suspect is the OA (calcification) instead of the osteoporosis. Both are close to post-menopausal women age on bone metabolism due process does require the influence of the hormone estrogen which would normally decrease during postmenopausal women. In addition, OA (calcification) joints also triggered by a variety of chronic trauma on the joint such as the over-use during exercise (eg, many came upon the gymnast) and types of minor trauma even as often nyeletek-nyeletekin finger. Chronic trauma to the joints will make the easy susceptibility of wear will occur as a result of calcium accumulation there (osteofit).

Osteoporosis in addition depends on the function of estrogen hormone-related stocks also indicated that less calcium in the body, for example, rarely drank milk. But what is important to note, our peak bone mass is decreased when we began to enter the age of the head of three, meaning we have already started stockpiling the calcium from our middle age to old age as bone guarantees we are still pretty solid.

So if already have osteoporosis and are just getting started taking supplements high in calcium and high dairy calcium, it will not have much usefulness. In addition to the milk, high calcium can also be found on small fish like anchovy. Calcium from natural is preferred, whereas high doses of calcium supplements may cause some problems such as urinary tract stone formation as well as the issue of increased risk of stroke and heart attacks that accompanied the older women who take calcium supplements regularly (according to research reported in Auckland, New Zealand recently).

Osteoporosis is generally not symptomatic and not enough evaluation of the results of conventional x-ray. Need a special tool called a bone densitometry to assess bone density. Thus, your bones can be detected as a bone with a mass that is still good, osteopenia (decreased density mass start) or even have osteoporosis (porous). In contrast to OA which ends in the form of surgery, osteoporosis, we still rely on a variety of drugs, unless pathologic fracture has occurred. Drugs became the new flagship is a bisphosphonate to treat osteoporosis. We recommend to you an especially women and aged 50 years and over time I encourage all need to assess your bone and bone densitometry to the expert consultation is

Brittle bones (osteoporosis) and premature aging is a frightening specter for almost everyone nowadays. Bone loss and premature aging process can be accelerated due to unhealthy eating patterns, lack of calcium, smoking, likes to drink alcohol, rarely exercise, and stress. The aging process begins at about age 25 years and at the age of nearly 40 years. Calcium and other minerals in the bones decreases more quickly than it should. In the female hormone estrogen makes the decline became more rapid bone loss.

Premature aging is also characterized by damage to the skin, the skin appears dull and wrinkled and appear black spots. That is because a lack of vitamin C in the face of free radicals that can damage the skin. To prevent bone loss and premature aging, we need to consume calcium and vitamin C in the right amount. Herb Rosella (hibiscus sabdariffa linn), which originally came from Africa & the Middle East, has the primary efficacy as antioxidants preventing calcification of bone, premature aging, slowing menopause, and reducing the negative impact of nicotine. Herbal rosella contains calcium, vitamin C, D, B-1, B-2, magnesium, omega-3, beta-carotene, and 18 amino acids essential for the body such as lysine and agrinine. Every 100 grams of fresh roselle petals contain 260-280 milligrams of vitamin C, vitamin B1, and B2. The content of vitamin C that there are 3 times more black wine, 9 times that of citrus, 10 times bigger than star fruit.

Rosella flower petals contain many antioxidants and rich in nutrients that are very useful as the balance of the human body. Antioxidant compounds that exist in roselle herbal tea is very useful in counteracting free radicals, prevent the calcification of bone, premature aging, slowing menopause, improving circulation, strengthening blood vessels, and reduce the negative effects of nicotine.

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