Wednesday, April 6, 2011

scapula

scapula is the bone that connects the upper arm bone and collar bone.

The Scapula is a flat, triangular bone having two surfaces, anterior and posterior, and three margins, vertebral, axillary, and superior. Between the upper and second fourth of the vertebral border on the posterior surface there starts a process, which passes right across the dorsum of the bone, and ends in the acromion process. From the external end of the superior border projects a beak-like process called the coracoid. Immediately to the inner side of the root of the coracoid process is the suprascapular notch.

The superior angle (vertebral end of superior border) is more or less rectangular, and the inferior angle very acute. At the junction of the outer end of the superior border and the upper end of the axillary border is the glenoid cavity, a pyriform, slightly concave area, which receives the head of the humerus, thus forming the shoulder-joint. The coracoid process arises just internal to the glenoid cavity, and, bending on itself forwards and outwards, overhangs the glenoid surface; it is very much roughened for the attachment of muscles and ligaments.

The anterior, or ventral, surface of the bone is concave, and has several rough lines on it, caused by the attachment of the subscapular muscle. The axillary border on this surface is full and rounded, the vertebral border being roughened. Both borders give attachment to muscles.

The posterior dorsal surface is divided into an upper smaller fossa and a lower larger fossa by the spine, which runs from the vertebral border outwards and upwards to the glenoid cavity. Both fossae give attachment to muscles. The spine is separated from the edge of the glenoid cavity by the great scapular notch; the posterior border is subcutaneous, and is lipped for the attachment of muscles; at the great scapular notch it is flattened to form the acromion process, which passes forwards and outwards to overhang the joint, and gives attachment to muscles and ligaments.

Scapula Push Ups
Scapula push-ups are generally considered more difficult than traditional push-ups. To perform, start in a plank position with your arms straight under your shoulders and your toes touching the ground. Your body should be in straight alignment, with the head looking toward the ground in line with your torso. Move the hands in to bring them slightly closer than shoulder-width apart. Your fingers should face forward. Move the feet in as well, until there is about 6 inches between them.
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Monday, April 4, 2011

cataract

Cataracts are a cloudiness in the lens of the eye condition which should be clear and serves as Conductor rays entering the eye. Turbidity occurs because the metabolic systems on broken lens with a variety of reasons both physical (eg concussion on the eyes and face), chemical (eg diabetes, lack of nutrition), diseases (eg hypertension), infection, radiation (eg, excessive sunlight) and age.

Besides the various types of cataract, cataract is most often found senile cataract, which happened because of the aging process (starting at age 50 years or more). Besides, according to your question, cataracts can occur because penyakit2 blood / blood vessels too, the most common are hypertension and diabetes (diabetes). Malignant disease / blood cancers like leukemia, etc. can also lead to cataracts because they interfere with cellular metabolism in the lens of the eye.
The following kinds of cataracts by causing:
1. Congenital cataracts: congenital, related to infection during pregnancy, or interference with the formation of the other fetus (including lack of maternal nutrition)
2. Senile cataract: related to the aging process
3. Complicated cataract: complications of other conditions such as eye infections diseases, hypertension, diabetes, blood disease, smoking, lack of nutrition weight
4. Traumatic cataract: the physical impact on the eye or facial area generally, either blunt or punctured / sharp
5. secondary cataract cataract surgery because the rest of the former is not so clean past.

Therapy in cataract surgery is final. There is no other way to this other than surgery that can remove cataracts.

People with cataracts will experience blurred vision, decreased vision acuity, contrast sensitivity is also lost, so the contour, shadow and color vision is less clear because the light scattered by the cataracts to the eye. Contrast sensitivity tests should be done and if the lack of contrast sensitivity seen eating are encouraged to consult with a specialist eye.
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Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is one of the many types of rheumatic diseases in Indonesia.
Osteoporosis is a bone disease.
One possible cause is drinking milk only when the toddler alone.

known as osteoporosis or bone loss or hollow. In osteoporosis the bone mass that forms is reduced, so that bone can be said hollow. The structure of bone filler which include compounds of collagen in addition to calcium, acts like a cement cast of his bones. When this mass is reduced, the bone becomes less dense so strong not even light hold collision that about it, the risk of fractures easily occur. In comparison, when I slipped in the bathroom and my hip hit the floor, maybe that happened later was the area around it was swollen and sore, but the bone does not matter because my bone mass is still okay. But if that experience is people with osteoporosis, it is no longer the case anyal local fracture, and it's called pathological fractures.

Outside of the brittle bones that easily fracture, bone loss is almost no symptoms at all, the silent disease. So if your back knee and is often stiff and sore, which is more rational to suspect is the OA (calcification) instead of the osteoporosis. Both are close to post-menopausal women age on bone metabolism due process does require the influence of the hormone estrogen which would normally decrease during postmenopausal women. In addition, OA (calcification) joints also triggered by a variety of chronic trauma on the joint such as the over-use during exercise (eg, many came upon the gymnast) and types of minor trauma even as often nyeletek-nyeletekin finger. Chronic trauma to the joints will make the easy susceptibility of wear will occur as a result of calcium accumulation there (osteofit).

Osteoporosis in addition depends on the function of estrogen hormone-related stocks also indicated that less calcium in the body, for example, rarely drank milk. But what is important to note, our peak bone mass is decreased when we began to enter the age of the head of three, meaning we have already started stockpiling the calcium from our middle age to old age as bone guarantees we are still pretty solid.

So if already have osteoporosis and are just getting started taking supplements high in calcium and high dairy calcium, it will not have much usefulness. In addition to the milk, high calcium can also be found on small fish like anchovy. Calcium from natural is preferred, whereas high doses of calcium supplements may cause some problems such as urinary tract stone formation as well as the issue of increased risk of stroke and heart attacks that accompanied the older women who take calcium supplements regularly (according to research reported in Auckland, New Zealand recently).

Osteoporosis is generally not symptomatic and not enough evaluation of the results of conventional x-ray. Need a special tool called a bone densitometry to assess bone density. Thus, your bones can be detected as a bone with a mass that is still good, osteopenia (decreased density mass start) or even have osteoporosis (porous). In contrast to OA which ends in the form of surgery, osteoporosis, we still rely on a variety of drugs, unless pathologic fracture has occurred. Drugs became the new flagship is a bisphosphonate to treat osteoporosis. We recommend to you an especially women and aged 50 years and over time I encourage all need to assess your bone and bone densitometry to the expert consultation is

Brittle bones (osteoporosis) and premature aging is a frightening specter for almost everyone nowadays. Bone loss and premature aging process can be accelerated due to unhealthy eating patterns, lack of calcium, smoking, likes to drink alcohol, rarely exercise, and stress. The aging process begins at about age 25 years and at the age of nearly 40 years. Calcium and other minerals in the bones decreases more quickly than it should. In the female hormone estrogen makes the decline became more rapid bone loss.

Premature aging is also characterized by damage to the skin, the skin appears dull and wrinkled and appear black spots. That is because a lack of vitamin C in the face of free radicals that can damage the skin. To prevent bone loss and premature aging, we need to consume calcium and vitamin C in the right amount. Herb Rosella (hibiscus sabdariffa linn), which originally came from Africa & the Middle East, has the primary efficacy as antioxidants preventing calcification of bone, premature aging, slowing menopause, and reducing the negative impact of nicotine. Herbal rosella contains calcium, vitamin C, D, B-1, B-2, magnesium, omega-3, beta-carotene, and 18 amino acids essential for the body such as lysine and agrinine. Every 100 grams of fresh roselle petals contain 260-280 milligrams of vitamin C, vitamin B1, and B2. The content of vitamin C that there are 3 times more black wine, 9 times that of citrus, 10 times bigger than star fruit.

Rosella flower petals contain many antioxidants and rich in nutrients that are very useful as the balance of the human body. Antioxidant compounds that exist in roselle herbal tea is very useful in counteracting free radicals, prevent the calcification of bone, premature aging, slowing menopause, improving circulation, strengthening blood vessels, and reduce the negative effects of nicotine.
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