Circulatory system cardiovascular system / blood circulation
The heart is the beginning of the cardiovascular system.

The purpose of the cardiovascular system is to take oxygen in the lungs and nutrients are absorbed from the intestine to be distributed to all body cells. At the same time the cardiovascular system transports metabolic waste products generated by each cell to be excreted through the lungs or kidneys.

TThe heart is a muscular organ with four chambers located in the chest cavity between the lungs, under the protection of the ribs, slightly to the left of the sternum.

The heart is wrapped by a pericardium membrane. Membrane perikadium consist of 3 layers of the fibrous pericardium is the outermost layer of the pericardium and the parietal and visceral pericardium (epikardium). Among the parietal and visceral pericardium contained serous fluid that prevents friction when the heart beats.

Composed heart wall of three layers

a. Outside Epikardium

b. Myocardium was composed of cardiac muscle tissue which contracts to pump blood

c. Endokardium in composed of endothelial layer located over connective tissue.

The four heart chamber that is left and right atrium and left ventricle and right. Atrium is located above the ventricles and adjacent to each other.

Atria and ventricles are separated by one-way valve. Left and right side of the heart are separated by a wall of tissue called the septum.

The fourth wall of the heart chamber is composed of cardiac muscle called the myocardium

Valve that separates the left atrium and left ventricle is the valves mitralis (bikuspidalis), while only between the right atrium that connects the right ventricle is the valves and semilunaris (trikuspidalis).
PHYSIOLOGY
The main function of the heart is pumping blood through arteries, capillaries and veins.
Circulatory system cardiovascular system / blood circulation

The left side of the heart pumps blood throughout the body's cells called the systemic circulation. While the right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs to get oxygen is called pulmonary circulation

Systemic circulation

Blood into the left atrium from the venous pulmonaris. Blood flow in the left atrium into the left ventricle through atrioventrikel valve (AV), which is located in the atrium and ventricle connection (valve mitralis). Blood from the left ventricle leading to large muscular artery called the aorta through the aortic valve. Blood in the aorta forwarded to the systemic circulation through the arteries, arterioles and capillaries which then merge again to form veins.

The veins of the lower body venous return blood to the largest, the inferior vena cava, while the upper body venous return blood to the superior vena cava. Both vein empties into the right atrium.

All heart valve opens when pressure within the heart chamber or vessel that was on it exceeds the pressure in the chamber or vessel which is below.
Pulmonary Circulation

Blood flow in the right atrium to right ventricle through the other AV valve, valve semilunaris. From the right vetikel flow through the valve into the artery pulmonaris pulmonaris. Pulmonaris artery branches into the arteries pulmonaris left and right, each of which flows into the left lung and right. In the lung arteries pulmonaris becabang - branch many times into ateriol then capillaries. Each capillary provides perfusion to the respiratory unit through an alveolus. All capillary fused back into venules, then veins. Veins fuse to form large pulmonaris vein and back into the left atrium.
Hepatic portal circulation

Hepatic portal circulation is a sub part of the systemic circulation. Blood from digestive organs in the abdomen and lymph will circulate through the liver before returning to the heart.

Capillary blood from the stomach, small intestine, colon, pancreas of lymph flow into large duavena, the superior mesenteric vein and the vein splenika which later joined to form the portal vein. Portal vein carries blood into the liver. Here, much branched blood flow and blood flow into the sinusoids, then the blood flow to the vena hepatica towards the inferior vena cava and right atrium
Exchange of substances occurs in the capillary
Coronary blood vessels / circulation that supply the walls of coronary heart

Right and left coronary artery is a branch tops ascending aorta, just behind the aortic valve. Both these arteries branch into small arteries and arterioles and capillaries. Coronary capillaries unite to form the coronary vein into the coronary sinus and back into the right atrium

The function of the coronary arteries are supplying blood to the myocardium because oxygen is essential for normal myocardial contraction.

Cardiac veins, drain the blood from the myocardium into the coronary sinus, which then empties into the right Arium.

Blood flow through the coronary arteries, especially when the heart muscles relax due to coronary artery was also depressed at the time of the contraction lasts.
Cardiac cycle

Cardiac cycle is a series of events in one cardiac rhythm. A heart rhythm starting to flow from the venous blood into the atrium. Atrium will contract followed by relaxation and ventricular contraction and relaxation started simultaneously with the blood flowing back into the atrium and the cycle begins again.
Systole is the term for contraction and diastole for relaxation
Heart sound

Cardiac cycle produces a sound heart. Each heartbeat produces two sounds "lubdub". The sound of the first and longest AV valve closure caused by ventricular systole. The sound of the two caused by the closure of the aortic and pulmonary valve semilunaris. If there is a valve that does not close completely will hear a noisy addition to the so-called heart.
Cardiac conduction path

Heart muscle cells to contract itself because the cells underwent spontaneous depolarization, ie, they become positively charged on the inside than the outside of the cell. Cell membrane depolarization occurs because the heart at a resting state is permeable to sodium ions which leak-on in the cell dn carry a positive charge. As the influx of sodium ions has led to depolarization of cells until a certain threshold, then the voltage sensitive sodium channels in every open-heart cells. This causes sodium ions into the cell and formed the action potential because the membrane potential of each cell quickly became positive on the inside than the outside.
Natural pacemaker, the sinoatrial node (SA) is a specialized group of cardiac muscle cells located in the right atrial wall. SA node is considered special because it has the most rapid contraction frequency, so as to depolarization more epat than the myocardium.
From the SA node, the impulse for contraction is brought into the atrioventricular node (AV) located in the interatrial septum.
File His (AV file) in the septum intrventrikular upon receiving impulses from the AV node and delivers to the right and left bundle branch.
From the branch file, the impulse is carried along the Purkinje fibers into the ventricular myocardium at rest and generate ventricular systole.
Heart frequency

Healthy adults have a resting heart frequency (pulse) 60-80 times per minute, according to the SA node depolarization velocity
Cardiac output

Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by the ventricle in one minute

Volume sekuncup is a term to indicate the amount of blood pumped per beat ventricle. The average volume istirahata sekuncup dalah 60-80 ml per pulse.
Cardiac output = volume sekuncup x pulse (heart rate)

Blood Pressure

Blood pressure is the force of blood against artery walls. The further blood flow from the heart, the lower the pressure.

Normal systole ranged between 90-135 mm Hg and normal diastolic between 60-85 mm Hg
Factors that affect blood pressure
Cardiac output, blood pressure is directly proportional to cardiac output
Peripheral pressure on blood flow, blood pressure is inversely proportional to the resistance in the vessels. Prisoners affected by viscosity, length and radus pemulh vessels.
D A R A H
Characteristic
Blood is a kind of connective tissue cells are suspended and carried in a fluid matrix (plasma)
Blood is heavier than water and more viscous. It has a distinctive taste and odor, and pH 7.4
Color varies from bright red blood to dark bluish-red, depending on the level of oxygen carried red blood cells
Total blood volume of 5 liters in the adult male average and slightly less in adult women
Blood type and blood type

Before birth, the molecules are genetically determined proteins called antigens appear on the surface of red blood cell membrane antigen has type A and type B antibodies react with their partner, which began to appear about 2 to 8 months after birth.

Reaction of antigens and antibodies cause agglutination (clumping) of red blood cells, the antigen and antibody called aglutinogen called agglutinin.
Classification of ABO blood group
Ø Blood group A contains aglutinogen A and type B aglutinin
Ø Blood group B contains aglutinin aglutinogen B and type A
Ø Blood group AB contain aglutinogen A and B, but does not contain A and B aglutinin
Ø Blood type O does not contain aglutinogen A and B, but A and B contain aglutinin
Classification of blood

1. If the serum anti-A causes agglutination of blood drops, then the individual has aglutinogen A (blood group A)

2. If the serum anti-B cause agglutination in the blood drops, then the individual has aglutinogen B (blood type B)

3. If both serum anti-A and B cause agglutination, the individual has aglutinogen A and B (blood type AB)

4. If both serum anti-A and B did not cause agglutination, then the individual does not have aglutinogen (blood type O).





Related Terms
Heart: a cavity, cavity, muscular organ that pumps blood through blood vessels by repetitive rhythmic contractions.
Cardiovascular: circulatory system or cardiovascular system is a system of organs that function to move substances into and from cells
Sternum: Bones
pericardium membrane: sakus fibroserosa that surrounds the heart and major blood vessels root
parietal pericardium: a folded fibrus layer out of the base ¬ jan heart and heart wrapped as a loose bag
visceral pericardium (epikardium): membrane serus once attached to the heart
Myocardium: heart muscle
Endokardium: limits in the heart

Atrium: a room that provides access to other structures or organs, especially the upper cavity, smaller on one side of the heart that receives blood from the pulmonary veins or vena cava and took him from the ventricle on the same side

10. Ventricle: the chamber bottom on the right side of the heart, pumping blood through a vein into the pulmonary artery trunk and pulmonary capillary

11. Septum: a wall or partition

12. Myocardium: the middle layer and the thickness of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle

13. mitralis valve (bikuspidalis): valve regulates the flow of blood from the left atrium into the left ventricle.

14. semilunaris valve (trikuspidalis): valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle

15. arteries: blood vessels where blood flows out of the heart, the systemic circulation carrying oxygenated blood.

16. Capillaries: fine vessel that connects atriol and venul, the walls act as a semi-permeable membrane for the exchange of substances between blood and tissue fluid

17. Veins: vessels that carry blood to the heart of the whole body

18. systemic circulation: the circulation associated with the overall body

19. sirklasi lung: circulation-related lung

20. pulmonary veins: The valve is located at the junction where the large arteries out of the ventricle

21. atrioventrikel valves: valves that allow blood to flow in only one direction, namely from the atria to the ventricles, and prevent blood flowing back from the ventricle into the atrium.

22. valve mitralis

23. aorta: a large artery originating from the left ventricle

24. Arterioles: small arterial branches

25. inferior vena cava: the blood vessels that carry blood back from the systemic circulation (from the whole body) into the right atrium via a large vein bottom

26. superior vena cava: the blood vessels that carry blood back from the systemic circulation (from the whole body) into the right atrium via a large vein top

27. Other names of lymph nodes
These glands function to produce leukocytes or white blood cells that protect against germs.

Baru! Klik kata di atas untuk melihat terjemahan alternatif. Singkirkan

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Cordyceps and good

Cordyceps and good
Cordyceps & PARAS cholesterol BLOOD


Asid tepu politak fat in paras cordyceps subtracting LDL (bad cholesterol) to block formation of cholesterol plaque and prevent clogged blood vessels.

Cordyceps is also smooth blood circulation and strengthens blood Salur structure. This is important in the prevention of high blood pressure, stroke and heart disease

Cordyceps strengthens HEART FUNCTION

Cordyceps regulate heart rhythms, heart muscle strengthening and escorted to the heart and blood flow than the heart. Cordyceps also escorted paras balance cholesterol and inhibit the formation of cholesterol plaques that become stem heart disease.

Cordyceps & SYSTEM BREATH

 Cough, bronchitis, resdung, asthma and respiratory system problems selsema is commonly encountered today. Cordyceps has been used to treat the problem by withdrawing Kahak, relieve keringkong and chest. He also helps strengthen the lungs and protects the air in the lungs.

Cordyceps AND FUNCTION OF FRUIT Waist

 Cordyceps increase paras 17-hydroxy-corticosteroid and 17-ketosteroid which helps maintain the function of the kidneys. He is also acting to clean the blood and helps elimination toksn in the body.

Cordyceps & KESIHATAN SEXUAL

Cordyceps increase male hormone sexual power and restore youthfulness. Cordyceps help prevent the problem of erectile failure and improve blood circulation, especially the smooth portion pelviks.
Cordyceps increase sexual power, increase life qualities men & women, to prevent infertility, increased sperm numbers and increase fertility.

Cordyceps RESTORE fatigue


Cordyceps & abscess / KANSER

Cordyceps has a strong anti-oxidant characteristics. It increases cell imuniti against abscess formation, inhibit the formation of nitrosamines (the cause of boils) and prevent the formation of free radicals cause abscess.

Cordyceps strengthens Minda
 

Asid glutamic, L-tyrosine and tryptophan in Cordyceps has a calming semulajadi impression. He also did the formation of monoamine oxidase in the brain. Accordingly it is used as a tonic Cordyceps appropriate memory booster and prestadi Minda.

READ MORE - Cordyceps and good

Overcoming Heart Disease and Heart Attacks

Overcoming Heart Disease and Heart Attacks
The heart is a muscle that pumps blood throughout the body. In a heart attack (myocardial infarction), part of the heart muscle to die while not getting blood. To stay healthy, the heart requires oxygen and other nutrients carried by blood. This is obtained through the artery (blood vessel) disease, which wrap the outside of the heart.

These diseases can affect any part of the heart. However, the most common disease is a chronic disease in the coronary artery is called atherosclerosis. Therefore, heart disease commonly known and most common is coronary heart disease or coronary artery disease. The disease is most often causes a heart attack in someone who can cause death. The cause is narrowing of the coronary arteries, where the vessel serves to provide blood to the heart muscle. The narrowing is caused by a pile of cholesterol or other proteins derived from food intake in the body. This buildup causes the coronary arteries become stiff. Rigidity is referred to as atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis occurs if there is buildup of plaque or fatty deposits in artery walls. Over time, plaque can accumulate, harden and narrow the arteries, and inhibit blood flow to the heart. Coronary artery disease or coronary artery disease (CAD) is that basically leads to most heart attacks.

Blockage in one or more coronary arteries can cause heart attack suddenly. The reason for the heart to ask exceeds the available oxygen so that trigger heart attacks. Why? If the heart muscle does not receive oxygen for a long time, the surrounding tissue can be damaged. Unlike other tissues, the heart muscle does not regenerate. The longer the attack, the more damage to the heart and the more likely die.

Even in the arteries that are not too narrow because timbungan plaque and fat, accumulation of plaque can rupture and form a crust of blood or thrombus. In addition, the diseased arteries also tend to experience sudden muscle contractions. Thus, a piece of crust of blood can form a contraction, releasing chemicals which then result in narrowing the artery wall, triggering a heart attack.

If the working system of the heart is damaged, the normal heart rhythm can become chaotic and the heart began to tremble with uncertainty or experiencing fibrillation. This abnormal rhythm known as arrhythmia is a deviation from normal heart rhythm. This will cause the heart loses its ability to pump blood effectively to the brain. Within ten minutes, brain death and the patient was beyond help.

In addition to coronary heart disease due to fat deposition in the arterial wall, there are also other heart diseases caused by abnormalities at birth. For example, an imperfect heart, heart valve disorders, weakened heart muscle. Another cause is the bacteria that cause infections of the heart.

The symptoms are perceived if you have coronary heart disease include pain or pain in the chest in which most people thought it was just as indigestion. Then other symptoms of feeling depressed in the middle of the chest for 30 seconds to 5 minutes. Another thing is the cold sweat, palpitations, dizziness, and felt like fainting. These symptoms are not always perceived sufferer. Another warning sign is gasping for breath during exercise.

For several months before the heart attack usually people with heart disease often feel very tired. Do not assume these symptoms are caused by lack of sleep and stress of the job.

Pain or feeling of pressure in the chest, called angina, give warning to half of those who suffer a heart attack. Some people get breathless or exhausted and feeling weak as the symptoms, indicating that the heart is not getting enough oxygen due to blockage of a coronary.

Usually a few days before having a massive heart attack, a person will experience muscle contractions suddenly in the chest which is a small attack or a mild heart attack. Generally mild heart attack occur before a major attack a few days later.

If symptoms of heart attacks happen to you:

Recognize any of these symptoms if there is chest pain, shortness of breath, or palpitations.

Cease immediately all work no matter what you are doing and sit or lie down while you draw a deep breath.

If you are alone while symptoms last more than a few minutes immediately contact the local emergency phone number and say you have a heart attack. Or contact the people around you by giving the same information.

If anyone can take you to the hospital more quickly than the arrival of paramedics, immediately ask for help going to take you to the emergency room at the hospital. Faster would be better handled.

But if you wait for a team of paramedics arrived, so while waiting, you can loosen tight clothing, including a belt or tie. Make yourself in a position that feels comfortable.

Stay calm, no matter you are the victim or his salvation. The panic may increase the likelihood of arrhythmia or heart rhythm irregularities that threaten life.

Tips for Preventing Heart Disease

To reduce risk of coronary heart disease, you can do the following things:
Healthy diet
Avoid foods that contain lots of fat or high cholesterol. Seafood contains high cholesterol that can harm the heart. Reduce eating fried foods that contain lots of fat, otherwise the food can be processed by boiling, steaming or roasting.

Wherever possible, the food products we eat low-fat or no fat. Choose milk, cheese, butter or other foods that are low in fat. Fry using olive oil has less fat content so that it can be an option if the need to process food by frying.

Apart from avoiding fatty foods, avoid foods with sugar content is also high, such as soft drinks. Do not consume too much karbohirat tertalu, because in the body, carbohydrates are broken down into fat. In contrast, consumption of oats or wheat that can help keep the heart healthy.

Keep your diet in moderation to avoid obesity, because someone who has a waist circumference of more than 80 cm, greater risk of developing this disease.
Stop smoking
Cigarette is not good for heart health, then immediately stop this practice for heart stay healthy.
Avoid Stress
Stress is very difficult to avoid when living in big cities like Jakarta, which is known for its jams and preoccupations. When a person experiences stress, the body will release the hormone cortisol, which causes the blood vessels become stiff. Hormone norepinephrine would produce the body when suffering from stress, which will result in increased blood pressure. So, very good if you avoid the stress both in the office or at home.
Hypertension
Problem hypertension or high blood pressure can also cause heart disease. Hypertension can injure the arterial wall and allows the channel to enter the arterial LDL cholesterol and increase the accumulation of plaque.
Obesity
Overweight or obese increases the high blood pressure and abnormal fat. Avoiding or treating obesity or obesity is the main way to avoid diabetes. Diabetes accelerate coronary heart disease and increased risk of heart attack.
Exercise regularly
You can do sports activities such as walking, brisk walking, or jogging. Sporting activities which are neither too much competition and not to strengthen the work of the heart and blood circulation throughout the body.
Consumption of antioxidants
Air pollution, motor vehicle fumes or cigarette smoke create the emergence of free radicals in the body. Free radicals can cause ulcers or deposition of the arteries that can cause blockages. To remove the content of free radicals in the body, there needs to be an antioxidant that will catch and throw. Antioxidants can be obtained from a variety of fruits and vegetables.
Offspring
A person who is a parent or sibling had suffered a heart attack before age 60 have a greater risk of suffering from this disease. Therefore, if you have relatives who have had a heart attack, you should be more careful in keeping to your diet and your lifestyle to support a healthy heart.

Overcoming Heart Disease

If you feel the early symptoms of heart disease or had suffered a mild heart attack, do not ignore it. You really need early treatment by trained medical personnel. This can save the heart from further damage and even to avoid more fatal consequences such as death.

But if heart attack symptoms begin to occur, it is important to seek immediate medical assistance. The biggest risk of death from heart attack is within one hour after a heart attack. Rapid and appropriate treatment of a medical team to save heart muscle from damage that can not be repaired. The more heart muscle that is saved, the more effective heart pumping will return after the attack. Do not put off getting medical help because of fear is considered absurd.

When a blockage has occurred, the medical action is generally taken with the installation of catheterization and rings that keep coronary arteries are not clogged. However, there may be some blockage in other arteries.

Love Your Heart

Looking at the heart of this precious organ for survival, then immediately improve your lifestyle to stay healthy. Start enjoying a healthy diet, nutritious and low in cholesterol. Avoid smoking and stress. And exercise regularly. Start with a healthy lifestyle from this day to love your heart.

READ MORE - Overcoming Heart Disease and Heart Attacks

Heart Valve Disorders

Heart Valve Disorders
If one heart valve does not open or closed properly then it will affect the flow of blood. If the valve can not open completely (usually due to stenosis), consequently the blood flow through the valve will be reduced. If the valve can not completely close the blood will leak as a process called regurgitation or insufficiency.

Abnormalities of the mitral valve was divided into the following categories:
1. mitralis valve prolapse syndrome
2. mitralis valve stenosis
3. mitralis valve insufficiency (regurgitation)

Aortic valve abnormalities are categorized as follows:
1. aortic valve stenosis
2. aortic valve insufficiency (regurgitation)

VALVE SYNDROME mitralis prolapse (MVP)

1. Definition
Mitralis valve prolapse syndrome is a dysfunction of the valve mitralis blades that can not be closed properly and cause regurgitation, so the blood seeped from the left ventricle into the left atrium.

2. Clinical manifestations
Many people who have this syndrome but have no symptoms. Sometimes symptoms were first discovered during a physical examination of the heart, with the discovery of additional heart sound, known as mitral click. The existence of click an early sign that the valve tissue bulging into the left atrium and has been an interruption of blood flow. Mitral clicks can be turned into murmurs along with the non-functioning of the blades of the valve. With the development of the disease process, the sound of murmurs became a sign of mitral regurgitation (backflow of blood). Mitral valve prolapse occurs more frequently in women than men.

3. Management
Medical Treatment aimed at controlling the symptoms that occur. Some patients suffered dysrhythmia disruptive and require antidisritmia, while others experience mild heart failure and require treatment. At the advanced stage, valve replacement may be necessary.

Patients with this syndrome should be given counseling about the importance of prophylactic antibiotic therapy before undergoing invasive procedures (eg dental care genitouriner or gastrointestinal procedures, IV therapy that could lead to the entry of infectious material into the body system. If the client feels any doubt about the risk factors and the need for antibiotics, it is recommended to consult a doctor.

Mitralis valve stenosis (SM)

1. Definition
Mitralis valve stenosis is narrowing of the valve hole between the left atrium and left ventricle.

2. Etiology
Mitralis valve stenosis is usually caused by scar tissue formation after rheumatic fever or other heart infection.

3. Pathophysiology
Mitral stenosis due to fibrosis and fusion of the mitral valve commissures during the healing phase of rheumatic fever. Connective tissue septum formation without calcification of the mitral valve resulting in holes in the diastolic time is smaller than normal.

The reduced effective area of ​​mitral holes cause a reduction in mitral valve flow capacity. This will increase the pressure in the left atrium space, which raised the pressure difference between the left atrium and left ventricle diastolic time. If this pressure increase in the number of unsuccessful drain enough blood to meet the needs of the body, there will be a dam on the left atrium and then the dam will cause pulmonary veins and capillaries. This dam will cause puffy swollen interstitial and alveolar may occur. The outbreak of bronchial vein will cause haemoptysis.

At the next stage pulmonary arterial pressure will increase, and then going right ventricular dilation and tricuspid valve insufficiency in or pulmonary. Finally, systemic veins will have a dam as well. Prolonged liver dam will cause liver dysfunction.

The first compensation body to increase cardiac output is tachycardia. But this compensation is not always increase cardiac output because at a certain level will reduce the diastolic filling. Strain on the muscles of the atrium can cause electrical interference resulting in atrial fibrillation. This will interfere with ventricular filling from the atrium and facilitate the formation of thrombus in the left atrium.

4. Clinical manifestations
- Clinical features may not exist or otherwise severe, depending on the level of stenosis.
- pulmonary congestion may occur, with the signs dispnu (shortness of breath) and pulmonary hypertension.
- There can be a sense of swing and fatigue caused by left ventricular reduction in spending. Heart rate may increase due to sympathetic stimulation.
- Can occur hypertrophy left atrium causing atrial dysrhythmias and right heart failure.

5. Examination Support
- Can be audible heart murmur systolic blood while entering through a narrow orifice.
- Can be used echocardiography to diagnose the structure and the abnormal valve motion.

6. Management
Antibiotic therapy given to prevent recurrence of infection. The management of congestive heart failure is to provide kardiotonikum and diuretics. Surgical intervention include komisurotomi to open or 'rip' the mitral valve commissures are sticky or replace the mitral valve with a valve prosthesis. In some cases where surgery is contraindicated and medical therapy are not able to produce the expected results, it can be done valvuloplasti percutaneous transluminal to reduce some symptoms.

VALVE mitralis insufficiency (regurgitation) (IM)

1. Definition
Mitralis valve insufficiency (regurgitation) is the return of blood into the left atrium from the left ventricle through a valve mitralis, which mainly occurs when the ventricles contract.

2. Etiology
Mitralis valve insufficiency caused by an incompetent mitralis. Mitralis valve fails to close completely during ventricular systole begins. Mitralis valve regurgitation is usually caused by rheumatic fever, other bacterial infections of the heart, or rupture valve in coronary artery disease.

3. Pathophysiology
Due to rheumatic mitral insufficiency due to valve can not close the perfect time systolic. Changes to the valve cover classification, thickening, and distortion of the valve leaflets. This resulted in an imperfect koaptasi systolic time. In addition to shortening lead valve chordae tendineae attracted to the ventricles, especially the posterior part, may also occur annulus dilatation or ruptured chordae tendineae. During the systolic phase, there was a flow of regurgitation into the left atrium, resulting in a high V wave in the left atrium, while the flow into the aorta is reduced. At the time of diastolic blood flow from left atrium to the ventricle. Blood except from the lungs through the pulmonary vein, there are also blood regurgitan of left ventricular systolic time previously. Rapid distention of the left ventricle, the apex abruptly moves downward, pulling the valve, chordae, and papillary muscles. This raises the vibration to form a third heart sound. In chronic mitral insufficiency, systolic regurgitation into the left atrium and pulmonary veins can be tolerated without increasing the aorta and pulmonary wedge pressure.

4. Clinical manifestations
- Clinical features may not exist or otherwise severe, depending on the level of regurgitation.
- pulmonary congestion may occur, with signs and hypertension dispnu pulmonaris, when the blood back into the pulmonary vascular system.
- Decrease in cardiac output due to reduced volume sekuncup can cause intense shaking and fatigue. Heart rate may increase due to sympathetic stimulation.
- left ventricular hypertrophy and left atrium can occur, causing congestive heart failure.

5. Examination Support
- systolic heart murmur can be heard at the time of blood with a strong push through the valve.
- echocardiography can be used to diagnose the existence and structure of the abnormal valve motion.

6. Management
Giving antibiotics to prevent rheumatic reactivation and the incidence of infective endocarditis. Surgical intervention include mitral valve replacement.

Aortic valve stenosis (AS)

1. Definition
Aortic valve stenosis is a narrowing of the lumen of the valve between the left ventricle and aorta.

2. Etiology
Stenosis can be caused by congenital abnormalities such as bicuspid aortic valve with a small hole and unikuspid aorta, which usually cause symptoms early. In older people, rheumatic heart disease and perkapuran a common cause.

3. Pathophysiology
Normal aortic orifice size 2-3 cm2. Aortic stenosis causes resistance and the pressure difference between the left ventricle during systolic and aorta. Increased left ventricular pressure to produce an excessive pressure load on left ventricle, which is solved by increasing the thickness of the left ventricular wall (ventricular hypertrophy). Left ventricular chamber dilation occurs to decreased myocardial contractility. Left ventricular end diastolic pressure increased. Atrial contraction increase left ventricular diastolic blood volume. This will lead to an enlarged left atrium. Finally, left ventricular load constant will cause dilation of the left ventricle and reduce myocardial contractility. Myocardial ischemia caused by a lack of coronary blood flow to myocardial hypertrophy.

cardiac work exceeds Had, be heart failure to function properly, the signs are shortness of breath easily.

Those who obesiti also likely to get high blood pressure because blood vessels become narrow due to fat deposits.

The combination of high blood pressure and obesiti applying pressure to the heart and cause heart wall thickening and lack of oxygen.

This situation again expedite problem of heart failure to function properly and so causes the heart to continue to be damaged.

READ MORE - Heart Valve Disorders

Did you know that java tamarind / tamarind can cure various illnesses and very beneficial for health?

Did you know that java tamarind / tamarind can cure various illnesses and very beneficial for health?
Let's consider the following article:

Latin name: Tamarindus indica, Linn.
Family: Leguminosae

Local Name:
Tamarind (England); Tamarinier (France); Acid Java (Indonesia); Celangi, talisman tamarind (Sunda); Asem (Java);

Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) is a cultivar of tropical and including plants fruiting pods. The trunk hard enough to grow into a big and shady leaves. The trunk hard enough to grow into a big and shady leaves.

Long-stemmed leaves tamarind, about 17 cm and finned even. The flowers are yellow and fruit reddish brown pods with a distinctive sour taste. In addition there is the fruit pod of skin that encloses the fruit flesh, there are also seeds amounted to 2-5 in the form of flat to slightly blackish brown color.

Chemical Ingredients:
Tamarind pod contains chemical compounds such as Appel acid, citric acid, sour grapes, tartaric acid, succinic acid, pectin and sugar invert.

Tamarind fruit that ripen on the tree of them contain the value:
cal at 239 calories per 100 grams,
2.8 grams protein per 100 grams,
fat 0.6 grams per 100 grams,
carbohydrate 62.5 grams per 100 grams,
calcium 74 milligrams per 100 grams,
phosphorus is 113 milligrams per 100 grams,
0.6 milligrams of iron per 100 grams,
30 SI of vitamin A per 100 grams,
Vitamin B1 0.34 milligrams per 100 grams,
2 milligrams of vitamin C per 100 grams.
The skin contains the seed and the seed containing albuminoid phlobatannnin and starch.

Curable Disease:
Asthma, cough, fever, heat pain, rheumatic, abdominal pain, morbili, Allergy / biduren, Sprue, new wounds, ulcers Wounds, Eczema & Boils, swelling stung by centipedes / bee, Hair loss, snake bites can.

1. Asthma
Ingredients: 2 pieces of tamarind bark, fennel taste pulawaras
How to make: two ingredients are boiled with 1 liter of water until boiling, then filtered.
How to use: drink 2 times a day
2. Hacking cough
Ingredients: 3 pod tamarind fruit, ½ handful sage leaves
How to make: two ingredients are boiled in 4 cups water to boil down to 1 cup and filtered
How to use: drink 2 times a day, morning and afternoon
3. Fever
Ingredients: 1 handful of tamarind leaves, fennel pulawaras to taste;
How to make: two ingredients are boiled with ½ liter of water until boiling, then filtered
How to use: drink 2 times a day, morning and afternoon
4. Fever
Ingredients: 2 tamarind fruit pods that have been cooked, salt to taste
Method: menyedu both ingredients with 1 cup hot water, then filtered
How to use: plain drunk
Note: for pregnant women should not drink this recipe
5. Rheumatic
Ingredients: 1 handful of tamarind leaves, 2-3 tamarind seeds (klungsu = java)
How to make: both ingredients finely ground
How to use: used to compress the affected part
6. Stomach ache
a. Ingredients: 3 pod fruit that is ripe tamarind, betel leaf and eucalyptus oil to taste
How to make: all ingredients are thoroughly mixed
How to use: used as a liniment, especially in the abdomen
b. Ingredients: 3 pod tamarind fruit, 1 piece of palm sugar
Method: menyedu both ingredients with 1 cup hot water, then filtered
How to use: plain drunk
c. Ingredients: 2 pieces tamarind pods, 1 turmeric rhizome of thumb, 1 slice of coconut sugar
Method: Turmeric shredded, then mixed with other ingredients and brewed with 1 cup hot water, then filtered
How to use: plain drunk
7. Morbili
Ingredients: 1-2 pieces of tamarind fruit that has been cooked, 2 turmeric rhizome of thumb
Method: grated turmeric, then both ingredients until evenly mixed
How to use: used as a powder / ointment for patients morbili
8. Allergy / Biduren (Java)
Ingredients: 2-3 golong tamarind fruit which has an old, salt to taste, ¼ tsp whiting.
How to make: all the ingredients are boiled in 3 cups water to boil down to 2 cups and filtered
How to use: drink 2 times a day, morning and afternoon
9. Sprue
Ingredients: 2 pieces tamarind pods, 2 thumbs of ginger rhizome, 1 slice of coconut sugar.
How to make: all the ingredients are boiled down to 1 cup, and then filtered.
How to use: plain drunk.
10. New Injury
Ingredients: tamarind leaves to taste
Method: tamarind leaf chewed until creamed
How to use: placed on the wound
11. Ulcer wound
Material: Some tamarind seeds (klungsu = java)
Method: finely ground tamarind seed
How to use: attached to the wound, then bandage
12. Eczema and Boils
Ingredients: 1 handful of tamarind leaves are still young (sinom = Java), 2 turmeric rhizome of thumb
How to make: both ingredients until finely ground
How to use: affixed on the sick
13. Swollen from a bee sting or a centipede
Ingredients: 3-5 seeds tamarind and eucalyptus oil to taste
Method: finely ground tamarind seed
How to use: the swelling cleaned first with a cloth moistened with eucalyptus oil, then sprinkled / plastered with the tamarind seeds bubukan.
14. Preventing hair loss
Material: Some tamarind seed
How to use: before shampooing with a shampoo, head massage, massage first with tamarind fruit that have been cooked a little mixed with water. Then the hair is washed
15. Ordinary snake bites
Material: Some tamarind seed
Method: tamarind seeds split into two
How to use: the inner parts of seeds attached to the snake bite wounds. The number of seeds that are used as needed.

READ MORE - Did you know that java tamarind / tamarind can cure various illnesses and very beneficial for health?

Mangosteen is a fruit of a tree crop that comes from a shady tropical forests in Southeast Asia

One more petua I received 2 days off. I can rarely hear people use mangosteen in perubatan skin.

"My father had diabetes. One day the mother was trying to resume practicing petua boiled dried skin of the mengosteen that have been dried, and boiled water was given to drink on dad ... the results of blood sugar content in the father continues to drop. "

Another alternative to get antioxidants to prevent cell destruction caused by free radicals is the Mangosteen fruit. Exotic fruit which is often dubbed the queen of fruit that has many of the antioxidant content of the skin and the fruit.

Mangosteen is a fruit of a tree crop that comes from a shady tropical forests in Southeast Asia, namely Malaysia or Indonesia jungle. From Southeast Asia, this plant spread to areas of Central America and other tropical areas such as Sri Lanka, Malagasy, Caribbean, Hawaii, and North Australia.
Center for tree planting or Garnicia mangostana mangosteen is East Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, West Java (Jasinga, Ciamis, Wanayasa), West Sumatra, North Sumatra, Riau, East Java and North Sulawesi.

In traditional medicine in Southeast Asia, the mangosteen fruit and its skin has been used for several centuries. Meanwhile, scientifically proven in mice who consumed the mangosteen juice is the equivalent of three liters, if in humans, no tissue damage whatsoever.

From the results of a study, a native of Southeast Asia can produce Xanthones, which is a substance formed from the isolated skin of the mangosteen fruit. Levels reached 123.97 mg per ml. Xanthones have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.

Research Xanthones have been started since 1970 and until now has been discovered more than 40 types of Xanthones, among which are alpha-mangostin and gamma mangostin which is believed to have the ability to prevent various diseases. Both types of Xanthones can help stop inflammation (inflammation) by inhibiting the production of COX-2 enzyme that causes inflammation.
Other studies have shown that gamma-mangostin has anti-inflammatory effects are better than other anti-inflammatory drugs on the market. Xanthones of this type can prevent various diseases caused by inflammation, such as arthritis and Alzheimer's (disease is a brain dysfunction).

Xanthones are also useful to prevent the growth of cancer cells and tumors. Even exceeds the antioxidant ability of vitamin C and E which is known as the most effective antioxidant. The content of alpha-mangostin and gamma-maostin in mangosteen fruit also act as an antibacterial. Alpha-magodtin also known to have efficacy as well as antibiotics that are in the market such as amphicillin and minocycline.

Mangosteen is a nutritious fruit commodity for health and beauty because it has antioxidants that capture free radicals and prevent cell damage that inhibited cell degeneration process. Not only meat that the mangosteen fruit rich in vitamin C-66 mg, but also a multi efficacy of skin-cancer, antioxidant, efficacious overcome coronary heart disease, HIV, and so forth.

Mangosteen skin extract is antiproliferasi to inhibit cancer cell growth. In addition, it also extracts are apotosis destruction of cancer cells. Xanthones are able to treat some types of cancer such as liver cancer, digestive tract, lungs, and so forth. Xanthones in mangosteen skin too powerful to overcome the disease tuberculosis (TB), asthma, leukemia, inflammatory, and antidiarrheal.

Recent research found one in four people of the United States suffering from cancer and 1 in 5 people will die at an early age. The best solution of this problem is prevention. Consumption mangosteen regularly ageless because super antioxidants that function to maintain and improve the body's cells are damaged and become better. Mangosteen helps to destroy all diseases in the body and improve the system of antibodies in the body.

Mangosteen fruit can be served in fresh form, as canned fruit, made syrup / juice. Traditionally, mangosteen fruit is a cure canker sores, hemorrhoids and wounds. Now already many companies that are interested in processing the mangosteen, so that practically can be consumed by the public.

READ MORE - Mangosteen is a fruit of a tree crop that comes from a shady tropical forests in Southeast Asia