Duodenum, Pars superior, pars descendens, Pars horizontalis

Duodenum

Duodenum or duodenum is a part of the small intestine that is located after the stomach and connecting it to the empty intestine (jejunum). Bowel twelve finger is the shortest part of the small intestine, starting from the bulbo duodenale and ends at Treitz ligament. Duodenum is a retroperitoneal organ, which is not covered entirely by the peritoneal membrane. intestinal pH twelve fingers normal range in nine degrees.Duodenum is responsible for distributing food to the small intestine. Histologically, there Brunner glands that produce mucus. Twelve of the intestinal wall is composed of fingers layers of very thin cells that form the mucosal muscles.
Parts Duodenum, Pars superior first part, which starts from suoerior Pars end of the pylorus pylorus is the lower part, the area associated with the 12 finger intestine (duodenum). Then the channel will be pulled into the right lateral. This section has a length of 5 cm. The second part of pars descendens, descendens pars continue the first part. This section bebentuk straight down the channel, In this section there is the estuary of the pancreatic duct and bile duct communis which coalesce into hepatopankreatika duct. In addition, a bulge terdpaat also called duodeni papilla.Pars horizontalis third section, Pars horizontalis shaped horizontal channel, through the inferior vena cava, aorta, and spine. Pars ascendens last section, funnel-shaped pars ascendens ascending and ends at the beginning of the empty intestine (jejunum).


Brunner's glands are submucosal glands in the duodenum. Its main function is to produce alkaline secretion containing bicarbonate for :

1. Protect the duodenum from acid substances from the judge (a collection of food from the previous digestion).
2. as a lubricant of the intestinal wall.
3. provide alkaline conditions for intestinal enzymes to be active. The enzyme functions to start the absorption.Enzymes are biomolecules that serve as a catalyst (substance that speeds up the reaction without reacting) in a chemical reaction, the enzyme works by attaching molecules to the surface of substances that react and thus accelerate the reaction process, enzyme Work influenced by several factors, especially is the substrate, temperature, acidity, cofactors and inhibitors. Each enzyme requires the temperature and pH (acidity level) optimum different because enzymes are proteins, which can change shape if the temperature and acidity changes.